PERFECT MODALS 2

THESE are the Forms and Uses of Perfect Modals:

PERFECT MODALS

 ABILITY to have done something but in fact did not : COLUD+ HAVE+ PP

It was a stupid thing to do you COULD HAVE cut yourself

WILLINGNESS to have done something but in fact did not: WOULD + HAVE+ PP

I WOULD HAVE gone to the party, but I was too busy

PROBABILITY in the past MAY/ MIGHT + HAVE+ PP

Mary MAY/MIGHT HAVE taken the wrong bus

CERTAINTY that something didn't happen: COULD NOT+HAVE+ PP

Eric COULDN'T HAVE broken the vase. He wasn't at home

CERTAINLY something happened : MUST + HAVE +PP

I heard you've been to Scotland. That MUST HAVE been interesting

CRITICISM or REGRET after an event : SHOULD / OUHGT TO + HAVE +PP

You SHOULD/OUGHT TO HAVE warned me earlier

I SHOULDN'T HAVE eaten so much

SUMMARY: